Plagiarism Notice

As a respected bi-lingual academic journal, FORUM upholds the highest standards of academic integrity. All authors submitting to this journal are expected to strictly adhere to international ethical standards, particularly regarding plagiarism.

Plagiarism is defined as the act of using ideas, information, data, or wording from other sources without proper acknowledgment. This includes, but is not limited to:

• Copying text, phrases, or sentences from another source without quotation marks and proper citation.
• Using ideas, interpretations, methodologies, or conclusions from others without appropriate referencing, even if those ideas are paraphrased or developed further.
• Failing to credit the original source when referring to specific information such as names, dates, locations, statistical data, or other factual details.

Whenever an author:

• Cites specific data or information learned from another source, a citation is required.
• Refers to ideas, interpretations, or perspectives proposed by other scholars — whether directly applied, paraphrased, or built upon — the original source must be acknowledged.
• Uses four or more consecutive words identical to a source, quotation marks must be used in addition to the citation. A citation alone is insufficient.

If an author discovers that their argument bears significant similarity to those of other scholars, it is recommended to acknowledge these parallels in the text.

FORUM takes violations of academic integrity very seriously. The editorial board reserves the right to withdraw or retract acceptance of any manuscript found to have committed plagiarism, whether intentional or accidental, at any stage of the editorial process.