Hati Nurani: Kesatuan Harmonis Antara Synderesis, Conscientia dan Keutamaan Kebijaksanaan
Keywords:
synderesis;, conscientia;, virtue of prudence;, Holy Spirit;, Amoris Laetitia
Abstract
This article describes the meaning of conscience according to the definition presented by the Second Vatican Council in the light of Thomistic and Carmelite perspectives and explains the depth of this definition, in order to dispel misconceptions about the meaning of conscience that are widely circulated, and show its proper role in the edifice of moral theology. For this reason, this article elaborates on the harmonious correlation between the two dimensions of conscience, namely, synderesis and conscientia, as well as the harmonious correlation they have with the virtue of prudence which is perfected by the gift of counsel from the Holy Spirit. The pastoral aspect of this article is presented in the end by analyzing the importance of conscience revived by the Church as presented in the apostolic exhortation of Amoris Laetitia.
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Celano, Anthony. Aristotle’s Ethics and Medieval Philosophy: Moral Goodness and Practical Wisdom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
Chrysostom, John. “Homily 9 on Second Corinthians 4:17-18.” New Advent. Tanggal akses 18 Juni 2021. https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/220209.htm.
Davies, Brian. Thomas Aquinas’s Summa Theologiae: A Guide and Commentary. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Eardley, Peter. “Medieval Theories of Conscience.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Tanggal akses 20 Juni 2021. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/conscience-medieval/.
Elders, Leo J. The Ethics of Thomas Aquinas: Happiness, Natural Law and Virtues. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2019.
Fatula, Mary Ann. The Holy Spirit: Unbounded Gift of Joy. Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Press, 1998.
Gloria, Franciscus, dir. S. Hieronymi Presbyteri Commentariorum in Hiezechielem Libri XIV, Corpus Christianorum. Turnhout: Typographi Brepols, 1964.
Greene, Robert A. “Synderesis, the Spark of Conscience, in the English Renaissance Author(s).” Journal of History of Ideas vol. 52/2 (Apr-Jun, 1991): 195-219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2709525.
Hefner, Philip. “Imago Dei: the Possibility and Necessity of the Human Person.” Dalam The Human Person in Science and Theology, eds. Niels Henrik Gregersen, Willem B. Dreers, and Ulf Görman, 73-94. Edinburg: T&T Clark, 2000.
Hütter, Reinhard. Bound for Beatitude: A Thomistic Study in Eschatology and Ethics. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2019.
John Paul II. Apostolic Exhoration Familiaris Consortio. Tanggal akses 22 Juni 2021. https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/it/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_jp-ii_exh_19811122_familiaris-consortio.html.
John Paul II. Encyclical Letter: Veritatis Splendor. Tanggal akses 23 Juni 2021. https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_06081993_veritatis-splendor.html.
Keenan, James. “Conscience.” Dalam Dictionary of Scripture and Ethics, ed. Joel B. Green, 167-168. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Publishing Group.
Keenan, James. “The Virtue of Prudence (IIa IIae, qq. 47-56).” Dalam The Ethics of Aquinas, ed. Stephen J. Pope, 259-271. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2002.
Kries, Douglas. “Origen, Plato, and Conscience (Synderesis) in Jerome’s Ezekiel Commentary.” Traditio vol. 57 (2002): 67-83. DOI:10.1353/trd.2002.0005.
Pacho, Eulogio, ed., S. Juan de la Cruz: Obras Completas. Burgos: Editorial Monte Carmelo, 2014.
Phang, Benny. Andai Kautahu Karunia Allah: Peran Roh Kudus dalam Moralitas Kristiani. Malang: Penerbit Karmelindo, 2020.
Phang, Benny. Seekor Ulat yang Diubah Allah: Warisan Rohani St. Teresa dari Avila bagi Zaman Ini. Malang: Karmelindo, 2015.
Pinckaers, Servais. “Morality and the Movement of the Holy Spirit: Aquinas’s Doctrine of Instinctus.” Dalam The Pinckaers Reader: Renewing Thomistic Moral Theology. eds. John Berkman & Craig Steven Titus, 385-395. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2005.
Pinckaers, Servais. The Sources of Christian Ethics. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University Press, 1995.
Pope Francis. Amoris Laetitia: Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation on Love in the Family.Vatican: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2016.
Tirimanna, Vimal. “Responses to Doubts, Questions, and Criticisms with regard to Chapter Eight of Amoris Laetitia.” FABC Papers no. 159. Tanggal akses 24 Juni 2021. http://www.fabc.org/fabc%20papers/FABC%20Papers%20159.pdf.
Westermann, Claus. Genesis 1-11: A Commentary. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1987.
Williams, C. “Conscience.” Dalam New Catholic Encyclopedia, 139-146. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2003.
