Ekologi Relasional Manusia: Tinjauan Intersubjektif dalam Perspektif Filsafat Relasionalitas Armada Riyanto
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35312/forum.v55i1.817Kata Kunci:
martabat manusia, kekerasan seksual, etika, lingkungan hidupAbstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat perusakan-perusakan ekologi relasional manusia dan melihat bagaimana ekologi relasional dapat dijunjung tinggi. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa manusia dituntut memperlakukan sesama—liyan—sesuai martabatnya. Ekologi bukanlah individualisme. Ekologi selalu berkaitan dengan relasi; dengan lingkungan hidup, dengan manusia, dengan ciptaan yang lain. Permasalahan ekologi tidak hanya berada dalam ruang teologis, namun ruang kemanusiaan dan etika. Suatu bentuk perusakan martabat manusia adalah kekerasan seksual dan diskriminasi. Metode penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan analisa hermeneuitik dengan pendekatan analisis reflektif-kritis. Sumber utama menggunakan buku Relasionalitas: Filsafat Fondasi Interpretasi: Aku, Teks, Liyan, Fenomen tulisan Armada Riyanto. Buku klasik Totality and Infinity An Essay on Exteriority tulisan Emmanuel Levinas menjadi buku pelengkap untuk memperkuat argumen mengenai martabat manusia. Artikel ini juga menganalisis kasus-kasus perusakan ekologi relasional manusia. Kasus-kasus tersebut akan dianalisis dan direfleksikan dalam kerangka Relasionalitas Armada Riyanto. Pendidikan lingkungan hidup, pendidikan seksual, diskusi etika, dan upaya-upaya untuk penegakkan hukum terhadap pelanggaran moral menjadi cara-cara untuk menjunjung tinggi ekologi relasional manusia.
Referensi
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Bair, Sarah. “The American Civil Rights Movement Reconsidered: Teaching the Role of Women.” The Social Studies 111, no. 4 (July 3, 2020): 165–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/00377996.2020.1714536.
Bhattacharjee, Mowsume. “Statelessness of an Ethnic Minority: The Case of Rohingya.” Frontiers in Political Science 6 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2024.1144493.
Bhuptani, Prachi H., Elizabeth Mayer, Georgia Chan, and Lindsay M. Orchowski. “Child Sexual Abuse, Adolescent/Adult Sexual Violence, and Sexual Functioning among College Women: A Systematic Review.” BMC Global and Public Health. BioMed Central Ltd, December 1, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1186/s44263-024-00060-7.
Bryant, Katharine, and Todd Landman. “Combatting Human Trafficking since Palermo: What Do We Know about What Works?” Journal of Human Trafficking 6, no. 2 (March 14, 2020): 119–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2020.1690097.
Celbis, Osman, M. Erkan Ozcan, and Bora Özdemir. “Paternal and Sibling Incest: A Case Report.” Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine 13, no. 1 (January 2006): 37–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcfm.2005.03.010.
Conway, Justin. “Collective and Substantial: Human Dignity beyond Individualism.” Religions 15, no. 639 (June 1, 2024): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15060639.
Edwards, Breanna. “Brian Banks, Wrongly Convicted of Rape as a Teen, Calls Stanford Case One of ‘Privilege.’” New York, 2016. https://www.theroot.com/brian-banks-wrongly-convicted-of-rape-as-a-teen-calls-1790855555.
Gul, Hesna, Ahmet Gul, Esra Yurumez, and Bedriye Öncü. “Voices of Adolescent Incest Victims: A Qualitative Study on Feelings about Trauma and Expectations of Recovery.” Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 34, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2020.02.003.
Hail-Jares, Katie, Belén Lowrey-Kinberg, Katherine Dunn, and Jon B. Gould. “False Rape Allegations: Do They Lead to a Wrongful Conviction Following the Indictment of an Innocent Defendant?” Justice Quarterly 37, no. 2 (February 23, 2020): 281–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2018.1486449.
Johnson, Matthew Barry, and Janquel Acevedo. “Wrongful Conviction in Texas: ‘Sex Assaults’, False Guilty Pleas, Stranger Rape with Misidentification, and Drug Offenses.” The Wrongful Conviction Law Review 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2024): 27–41. https://doi.org/10.29173/wclawr111.
Karbeyaz, Kenan, Mehmet Toygar, and Adnan Çelikel. “Case of Sibling Incest Resulting in Pregnancy.” Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 550–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfs.2016.09.002.
Kluz, Marek. “The Destruction of Human Dignity in Today’s World as a Ser Ious Moral and Educational Challenge.” Teologia i Człowiek 59, no. 3 (December 7, 2022): 79–94. https://doi.org/10.12775/ticz.2022.019.
Lawson, David M., and Sinem Akay-Sullivan. “Considerations of Dissociation, Betrayal Trauma, and Complex Trauma in the Treatment of Incest.” Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 29, no. 6 (August 17, 2020): 677–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2020.1751369.
Levin, Roy J., and Willy van Berlo. “Sexual Arousal and Orgasm in Subjects Who Experience Forced or Non-Consensual Sexual Stimulation - A Review.” Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine. Churchill Livingstone, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcfm.2003.10.008.
Lévinas, Emmanuel. Totality and Infinity : An Essay on Exteriority. Translated by Alphonso Lingis. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1961.
Madame Élisabeth de France. The Life and Letters of i Madame Élisabeth de France: Sister of Louis XVI. Translated by Katharine Prescott Wormeley. 1902nd ed. Hardy, Pratt & Co., Bosto, 1899.
Majeed, Muhammad Tariq, and Ilhan Ozturk. “Environmental Degradation and Population Health Outcomes: A Global Panel Data Analysis.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 13 (May 1, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08167-8.
Megawati, Naibaho, and Antonius P. Sipahutar. “Perempuan Penyandang Disabilitas Dan Hubungannya Dengan Teologi Belas Kasih Katolik.” Studia Philosophica et Theologica 24, no. 1 (April 29, 2024): 84–101. https://doi.org/10.35312/spet.v24i1.531.
Motseki, Moses Morero, and Jacob Tseko Mofokeng. “An Analysis of the Causes and Contributing Factors to Human Trafficking: A South African Perspective.” Cogent Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2047259.
Omotosho Adegboyega, Lateef, Samuel Kolawole Ajiboye, and Shakiru Abdulkareem. “Incest: A Threat to Family Security.” Canadian Journal of Family and Youth 15, no. 1 (2023): 63–76.
Paus Fransiskus. Laudate Deum. Edited by Martin Harun. Translated by Th. Eddy Susanto. Jakarta: Departemen Dokumentasi dan Penerangan Konferensi Waligereja Indonesia (KWI), 2023.
———. Laudato Si’. Edited by F.X. Adisusanto, Maria Ratnaningsih, and Bernadeta Harini Tri Prasasti. Translated by Martin Harun. Jakarta: Departemen Dokumentasi dan Penerangan Konferensi Waligereja Indonesia (KWI), 2015.
Reisman, Judith A, Mary E McAlister, and Esq Alisa Jordheim. “Child Trafficking & Child Sexual Abuse Material (Csam) Is an Ideology: ‘Children Are Sexual from Birth,’” 2020. https://works.bepress.com/judith_reisman/117/.
Riyanto, F.X. Eko Armada. “Penindasan Minoritas Sebagai ‘Liyan’ (Other) Kritik Metodologi Dekolonisasi.” In Seri Filsafat Teologi Widya Sasana, 33:1–25. Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Teologi Widya Sasana, 2023. https://doi.org/10.35312/serifilsafat.v33i32.199.
———. Relasionalitas Filsafat Fondasi Interpretasi: Aku, Teks, Liyan, Fenomen. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2018.
Saint-Amand, Pierre. “Terrorizing Marie Antoinette.” Translated by Jennifer Curtiss Gage. Critical Inquiry 20 (1994): 379–400. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/t-and-c.
Sapouna, Maria, Leyla de Amicis, and Loris Vezzali. “Bullying Victimization Due to Racial, Ethnic, Citizenship and/or Religious Status: A Systematic Review.” Adolescent Research Review 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 261–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-022-00197-2.
Scheuer, Florian. “Taxing the Superrich Challenges of a Fair Tax System.” Zurich, 2020.
Scheuer, Florian, and Joel Slemrod. “Taxation and the Superrich.” Annual Review of Economics 12 (2025): 189–211. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics.
Selamat, Shelomita, and Yustinus Yustinus. “Thinking Prevents Grave Evil: An Analysis of Thinking According to Hannah Arendt.” International Journal of Indonesian Philosophy & Theology 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 95–109. https://doi.org/10.47043/ijipth.v3i2.38.
Setiawan, Charles Virgenius. “Harapan Dan Tanggung-Jawab Asimetris Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.” In Seri Filsafat & Teologi, edited by Yohanes I Wayan Marianta, Yohanes Wilson B. Lena Meo, Yohanes Endi, and Nanik Wijiyanti Aluwesia, 35–49, 2021.
———. “Place of Humans in Creation: A Re-Reading of Psalm 8.” Forum Filsafat Dan Teologi 53, no. 1 (April 29, 2024): 31–37. https://doi.org/10.35312/forum.v53i1.617.
Shirer, William L. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany. New York, 1960.
Tinambunan, Edison R.L. “Regula Pastoralis of Gregory the Great: Respecting the Poor and the Rich with Humanity.” In Seri Filsafat Teologi Widya Sasana, 34:182–200. Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Teologi Widya Sasana, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35312/serifilsafat.v34i33.237.
Tippett, Neil, Catherine Houlston, and Peter K. Smith. Prevention and Response to Identity-Based Bullying among Local Authorities in England, Scotland and Wales. Manchester: Equality and Human Rights Commission Research Report Series, 2010.
Utomo, Kurniawan Madyo. “Panggilan Gereja Dalam Realitas Ketidakadilan Di Indonesia.” Forum Filsafat Dan Teologi 52, no. 1 (June 15, 2023): 13–24. https://doi.org/10.35312/forum.v52i1.538.
Wegerstad, Linnea. “Sex Must Be Voluntary: Sexual Communication and the New Definition of Rape in Sweden.” German Law Journal 22, no. 5 (August 1, 2021): 734–52. https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2021.32.
Zalzabella, Desilasidea Cahya. “Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Perkosaan Incest.” Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (IJCLC) 1, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 01–09. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijclc.v1i1.9156.
Zhang, Sheldon X. “Progress and Challenges in Human Trafficking Research: Two Decades after the Palermo Protocol.” Journal of Human Trafficking 8, no. 1 (2022): 4–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2021.2019528.
Zvi, Liza. “Police Perceptions of Sex-Worker Rape Victims and Their Offenders: A Vignette Study.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37, no. 15–16 (August 1, 2022): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211005140.
Bair, Sarah. “The American Civil Rights Movement Reconsidered: Teaching the Role of Women.” The Social Studies 111, no. 4 (July 3, 2020): 165–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/00377996.2020.1714536.
Bhattacharjee, Mowsume. “Statelessness of an Ethnic Minority: The Case of Rohingya.” Frontiers in Political Science 6 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2024.1144493.
Bhuptani, Prachi H., Elizabeth Mayer, Georgia Chan, and Lindsay M. Orchowski. “Child Sexual Abuse, Adolescent/Adult Sexual Violence, and Sexual Functioning among College Women: A Systematic Review.” BMC Global and Public Health. BioMed Central Ltd, December 1, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1186/s44263-024-00060-7.
Bryant, Katharine, and Todd Landman. “Combatting Human Trafficking since Palermo: What Do We Know about What Works?” Journal of Human Trafficking 6, no. 2 (March 14, 2020): 119–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2020.1690097.
Celbis, Osman, M. Erkan Ozcan, and Bora Özdemir. “Paternal and Sibling Incest: A Case Report.” Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine 13, no. 1 (January 2006): 37–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcfm.2005.03.010.
Conway, Justin. “Collective and Substantial: Human Dignity beyond Individualism.” Religions 15, no. 639 (June 1, 2024): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15060639.
Edwards, Breanna. “Brian Banks, Wrongly Convicted of Rape as a Teen, Calls Stanford Case One of ‘Privilege.’” New York, 2016. https://www.theroot.com/brian-banks-wrongly-convicted-of-rape-as-a-teen-calls-1790855555.
Gul, Hesna, Ahmet Gul, Esra Yurumez, and Bedriye Öncü. “Voices of Adolescent Incest Victims: A Qualitative Study on Feelings about Trauma and Expectations of Recovery.” Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 34, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2020.02.003.
Hail-Jares, Katie, Belén Lowrey-Kinberg, Katherine Dunn, and Jon B. Gould. “False Rape Allegations: Do They Lead to a Wrongful Conviction Following the Indictment of an Innocent Defendant?” Justice Quarterly 37, no. 2 (February 23, 2020): 281–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2018.1486449.
Johnson, Matthew Barry, and Janquel Acevedo. “Wrongful Conviction in Texas: ‘Sex Assaults’, False Guilty Pleas, Stranger Rape with Misidentification, and Drug Offenses.” The Wrongful Conviction Law Review 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2024): 27–41. https://doi.org/10.29173/wclawr111.
Karbeyaz, Kenan, Mehmet Toygar, and Adnan Çelikel. “Case of Sibling Incest Resulting in Pregnancy.” Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 550–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfs.2016.09.002.
Kluz, Marek. “The Destruction of Human Dignity in Today’s World as a Ser Ious Moral and Educational Challenge.” Teologia i Człowiek 59, no. 3 (December 7, 2022): 79–94. https://doi.org/10.12775/ticz.2022.019.
Lawson, David M., and Sinem Akay-Sullivan. “Considerations of Dissociation, Betrayal Trauma, and Complex Trauma in the Treatment of Incest.” Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 29, no. 6 (August 17, 2020): 677–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2020.1751369.
Levin, Roy J., and Willy van Berlo. “Sexual Arousal and Orgasm in Subjects Who Experience Forced or Non-Consensual Sexual Stimulation - A Review.” Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine. Churchill Livingstone, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcfm.2003.10.008.
Lévinas, Emmanuel. Totality and Infinity : An Essay on Exteriority. Translated by Alphonso Lingis. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1961.
Madame Élisabeth de France. The Life and Letters of i Madame Élisabeth de France: Sister of Louis XVI. Translated by Katharine Prescott Wormeley. 1902nd ed. Hardy, Pratt & Co., Bosto, 1899.
Majeed, Muhammad Tariq, and Ilhan Ozturk. “Environmental Degradation and Population Health Outcomes: A Global Panel Data Analysis.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 13 (May 1, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08167-8.
Megawati, Naibaho, and Antonius P. Sipahutar. “Perempuan Penyandang Disabilitas Dan Hubungannya Dengan Teologi Belas Kasih Katolik.” Studia Philosophica et Theologica 24, no. 1 (April 29, 2024): 84–101. https://doi.org/10.35312/spet.v24i1.531.
Motseki, Moses Morero, and Jacob Tseko Mofokeng. “An Analysis of the Causes and Contributing Factors to Human Trafficking: A South African Perspective.” Cogent Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2047259.
Omotosho Adegboyega, Lateef, Samuel Kolawole Ajiboye, and Shakiru Abdulkareem. “Incest: A Threat to Family Security.” Canadian Journal of Family and Youth 15, no. 1 (2023): 63–76.
Paus Fransiskus. Laudate Deum. Edited by Martin Harun. Translated by Th. Eddy Susanto. Jakarta: Departemen Dokumentasi dan Penerangan Konferensi Waligereja Indonesia (KWI), 2023.
———. Laudato Si’. Edited by F.X. Adisusanto, Maria Ratnaningsih, and Bernadeta Harini Tri Prasasti. Translated by Martin Harun. Jakarta: Departemen Dokumentasi dan Penerangan Konferensi Waligereja Indonesia (KWI), 2015.
Reisman, Judith A, Mary E McAlister, and Esq Alisa Jordheim. “Child Trafficking & Child Sexual Abuse Material (Csam) Is an Ideology: ‘Children Are Sexual from Birth,’” 2020. https://works.bepress.com/judith_reisman/117/.
Riyanto, F.X. Eko Armada. “Penindasan Minoritas Sebagai ‘Liyan’ (Other) Kritik Metodologi Dekolonisasi.” In Seri Filsafat Teologi Widya Sasana, 33:1–25. Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Teologi Widya Sasana, 2023. https://doi.org/10.35312/serifilsafat.v33i32.199.
———. Relasionalitas Filsafat Fondasi Interpretasi: Aku, Teks, Liyan, Fenomen. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2018.
Saint-Amand, Pierre. “Terrorizing Marie Antoinette.” Translated by Jennifer Curtiss Gage. Critical Inquiry 20 (1994): 379–400. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/t-and-c.
Sapouna, Maria, Leyla de Amicis, and Loris Vezzali. “Bullying Victimization Due to Racial, Ethnic, Citizenship and/or Religious Status: A Systematic Review.” Adolescent Research Review 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 261–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-022-00197-2.
Scheuer, Florian. “Taxing the Superrich Challenges of a Fair Tax System.” Zurich, 2020.
Scheuer, Florian, and Joel Slemrod. “Taxation and the Superrich.” Annual Review of Economics 12 (2025): 189–211. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics.
Selamat, Shelomita, and Yustinus Yustinus. “Thinking Prevents Grave Evil: An Analysis of Thinking According to Hannah Arendt.” International Journal of Indonesian Philosophy & Theology 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 95–109. https://doi.org/10.47043/ijipth.v3i2.38.
Setiawan, Charles Virgenius. “Harapan Dan Tanggung-Jawab Asimetris Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.” In Seri Filsafat & Teologi, edited by Yohanes I Wayan Marianta, Yohanes Wilson B. Lena Meo, Yohanes Endi, and Nanik Wijiyanti Aluwesia, 35–49, 2021.
———. “Place of Humans in Creation: A Re-Reading of Psalm 8.” Forum Filsafat Dan Teologi 53, no. 1 (April 29, 2024): 31–37. https://doi.org/10.35312/forum.v53i1.617.
Shirer, William L. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany. New York, 1960.
Tinambunan, Edison R.L. “Regula Pastoralis of Gregory the Great: Respecting the Poor and the Rich with Humanity.” In Seri Filsafat Teologi Widya Sasana, 34:182–200. Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Teologi Widya Sasana, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35312/serifilsafat.v34i33.237.
Tippett, Neil, Catherine Houlston, and Peter K. Smith. Prevention and Response to Identity-Based Bullying among Local Authorities in England, Scotland and Wales. Manchester: Equality and Human Rights Commission Research Report Series, 2010.
Utomo, Kurniawan Madyo. “Panggilan Gereja Dalam Realitas Ketidakadilan Di Indonesia.” Forum Filsafat Dan Teologi 52, no. 1 (June 15, 2023): 13–24. https://doi.org/10.35312/forum.v52i1.538.
Wegerstad, Linnea. “Sex Must Be Voluntary: Sexual Communication and the New Definition of Rape in Sweden.” German Law Journal 22, no. 5 (August 1, 2021): 734–52. https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2021.32.
Zalzabella, Desilasidea Cahya. “Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Perkosaan Incest.” Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (IJCLC) 1, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 01–09. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijclc.v1i1.9156.
Zhang, Sheldon X. “Progress and Challenges in Human Trafficking Research: Two Decades after the Palermo Protocol.” Journal of Human Trafficking 8, no. 1 (2022): 4–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2021.2019528.
Zvi, Liza. “Police Perceptions of Sex-Worker Rape Victims and Their Offenders: A Vignette Study.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37, no. 15–16 (August 1, 2022): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211005140.
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