Analisa Karakter Iman Tomas Dalam Empat Teks Injil Yohanes Berdasarkan Teori Karakterisasi
Keywords:
Character theory, Thomas, Gospel of John, Narrative analysis, Cornelis Bennema
Abstract
Thomas is one of the disciples of Jesus who has a special role in the Gospel of John to convey the message of faith. There are four scenes in the Gospel of John that show the dynamic and developing character of Thomas' faith (11:16, 14:5, 20:24-29, 21:2). He is known for his initial doubting character and then the development of his faith culminates in his recognition of Jesus' personal identity, “My Lord and my God!”. This study will use text analysis with a narrative method that focuses on the character theory developed by Cornelis Bennema. The new contribution of this research paper is in the analysis of character, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, character roles and character development of Thomas' following Christ. Thomas' confrontational experience with the other disciples and his demand for proof of Jesus' resurrection helped develop his character from a skeptic to a full believer
References
Aquinas, Thomas, Commentary on the Gospel of John Chapter 13-21, Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 2010.
Bandhu, Din, dkk, “Theoris of Motivation: A Comprehensive analysis of Human Behavior Drivers”, Acta Psychologica, 224, 2024.
Bennema, Cornelis, “A Comprehensive Approach to Understanding Character in The Gospel of John”, dalam Characters and Characterization In The Gospel of John, ed. Christopher B. Skinner, London: Bloomsbury, 2013.
Bennema, Cornelis, A Theory of Character in New Testament Narrative, Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2014.
Bonney, William, Caused to Believe, Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill, 2002.
Carson, D. A., The Gospel According to John, Michigan: William b. Eerdmans Publishing Company Grand Rapids, 1991.
Hadiwiyata, A. S., Tafsir Injil Yohanes, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2008.
Harun, Martin, Yohanes: Injil Cinta Kasih, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2015.
Komisi Kitab Suci Kepausan, Penafsiran Alkitab dalam Gereja, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2020.
Mandaru, Hortensius F., Daya Pikat dan Daya Ubah Cerita Alkitab, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2019.
Momuat, Jeki H., dkk, “Persepsi GMAHK Jemaat Tincep Minahasa Terhadap Mati Adalah Tidur Berdasarkan Yohanes 11:11,13”, Caraka Jurnal Teologi Biblika dan Praktika, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2022.
https://ojs.sttibc.ac.id/index.php/ibc
Morris, Leon, The Gospel According to John Revised, Michigan: William b. Eerdmans Publishing Company Grand Rapids, 1995.
Murphy, Terence Patrick, “E.M. Forster’s Concept of the Flat Character: A Stylistic Critique”, Yonsei University, 2006.
Ondabu, Ibrahim Tirimba, “A Theory of Human Motivation: The Tirimba Grouping Theory of Motivation”, SOP Transactions Economic Research, Vol. 1, 2014.
https://web.archive.org/web/20170809044249/http://www.scipublish.com/journals/ER/papers/download/1004-42.pdf
Poem Analisys, “A character’s motivation is the reason behind their actions. This could refer to specific or general actions,”, diakses pada 13 Oktober 2024, https://poemanalysis.com/literary-device/character-motivation/
Poon, Wilson C. K., “Thomas: the Apostle of Scientists,” Theologi and Science, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2017.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14746700.2017.1299377
Popp, Thomas, “Thomas: Question Marks and Exclamation Marks” dalam Character Studies in the Fourth Gospel, ed. Steven A. Hunt, dkk., Germany: Mohr Siebeck Tübingen, 2013.
Resseguie, James L., “A Comprehensive Approach to Understanding Character in The Gospel of John”, dalam Characters and Characterization In The Gospel of John, ed. Christopher B. Skinner, London: Bloomsbury, 2013.
Ridderbos, Herman, The Gospel of John A Theological Commentary, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1987.
Riyadi, St. Eko, Yohanes: Firman Menjadi Manusia (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2011), 452.
D. A. Carson, The Gospel According to John, Michigan: William b. Eerdmans Publishing Company Grand Rapids, 1991.
Siregar, Nurliani, “Memahami Yohanes 14:1-14 dengan Tinjauan Eksegetis Sosial-Saintifik”, Visio Dei Jurnal Teologi Kristen, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2021.
https://jurnal.sttstarslub.ac.id/index.php/js/article/view/223/51
Singh, Clifton, dkk, “The Doubting Apostle ‘Didimus’ – Saint Thomas: Theological, Psychological, and Historical Perspective”, Pharos Journal of Theology, Vol. 96, 2015.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284714778
Situmorang, Sihol dan Sihaloho, Nofrendi, “Kaum Religius Saksi Sukacita Injili”, Rajawali, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2022.
https://ejournal.ust.ac.id/index.php/Rajawali/article/view/2864
Skinner, Christopher W., Characters and Characterization in the Gospel of John, List of Contributions.
Temmerman, Koen De and Boas, Evert van Emde, “Character and characterization in ancient Greek literature: An introduction.”, (2018).
doi:10.1163/9789004356313_002
Thomaskutty, Johnson, “Characterisation of Thomas in the Fourth Gospel”, HTS Teological Studie, 76 (2020), 1.
https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v76i1.5632
Zaluchu, Sonny Eli, “Metode Penelitian di dalam Manuskrip Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan,” Jurnal Teologi Berita Hidup, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2021.
https://e-journal.sttberitahidup.ac.id/index.php/jbh/article/view/93/88
Bandhu, Din, dkk, “Theoris of Motivation: A Comprehensive analysis of Human Behavior Drivers”, Acta Psychologica, 224, 2024.
Bennema, Cornelis, “A Comprehensive Approach to Understanding Character in The Gospel of John”, dalam Characters and Characterization In The Gospel of John, ed. Christopher B. Skinner, London: Bloomsbury, 2013.
Bennema, Cornelis, A Theory of Character in New Testament Narrative, Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2014.
Bonney, William, Caused to Believe, Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill, 2002.
Carson, D. A., The Gospel According to John, Michigan: William b. Eerdmans Publishing Company Grand Rapids, 1991.
Hadiwiyata, A. S., Tafsir Injil Yohanes, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2008.
Harun, Martin, Yohanes: Injil Cinta Kasih, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2015.
Komisi Kitab Suci Kepausan, Penafsiran Alkitab dalam Gereja, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2020.
Mandaru, Hortensius F., Daya Pikat dan Daya Ubah Cerita Alkitab, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2019.
Momuat, Jeki H., dkk, “Persepsi GMAHK Jemaat Tincep Minahasa Terhadap Mati Adalah Tidur Berdasarkan Yohanes 11:11,13”, Caraka Jurnal Teologi Biblika dan Praktika, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2022.
https://ojs.sttibc.ac.id/index.php/ibc
Morris, Leon, The Gospel According to John Revised, Michigan: William b. Eerdmans Publishing Company Grand Rapids, 1995.
Murphy, Terence Patrick, “E.M. Forster’s Concept of the Flat Character: A Stylistic Critique”, Yonsei University, 2006.
Ondabu, Ibrahim Tirimba, “A Theory of Human Motivation: The Tirimba Grouping Theory of Motivation”, SOP Transactions Economic Research, Vol. 1, 2014.
https://web.archive.org/web/20170809044249/http://www.scipublish.com/journals/ER/papers/download/1004-42.pdf
Poem Analisys, “A character’s motivation is the reason behind their actions. This could refer to specific or general actions,”, diakses pada 13 Oktober 2024, https://poemanalysis.com/literary-device/character-motivation/
Poon, Wilson C. K., “Thomas: the Apostle of Scientists,” Theologi and Science, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2017.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14746700.2017.1299377
Popp, Thomas, “Thomas: Question Marks and Exclamation Marks” dalam Character Studies in the Fourth Gospel, ed. Steven A. Hunt, dkk., Germany: Mohr Siebeck Tübingen, 2013.
Resseguie, James L., “A Comprehensive Approach to Understanding Character in The Gospel of John”, dalam Characters and Characterization In The Gospel of John, ed. Christopher B. Skinner, London: Bloomsbury, 2013.
Ridderbos, Herman, The Gospel of John A Theological Commentary, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1987.
Riyadi, St. Eko, Yohanes: Firman Menjadi Manusia (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2011), 452.
D. A. Carson, The Gospel According to John, Michigan: William b. Eerdmans Publishing Company Grand Rapids, 1991.
Siregar, Nurliani, “Memahami Yohanes 14:1-14 dengan Tinjauan Eksegetis Sosial-Saintifik”, Visio Dei Jurnal Teologi Kristen, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2021.
https://jurnal.sttstarslub.ac.id/index.php/js/article/view/223/51
Singh, Clifton, dkk, “The Doubting Apostle ‘Didimus’ – Saint Thomas: Theological, Psychological, and Historical Perspective”, Pharos Journal of Theology, Vol. 96, 2015.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284714778
Situmorang, Sihol dan Sihaloho, Nofrendi, “Kaum Religius Saksi Sukacita Injili”, Rajawali, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2022.
https://ejournal.ust.ac.id/index.php/Rajawali/article/view/2864
Skinner, Christopher W., Characters and Characterization in the Gospel of John, List of Contributions.
Temmerman, Koen De and Boas, Evert van Emde, “Character and characterization in ancient Greek literature: An introduction.”, (2018).
doi:10.1163/9789004356313_002
Thomaskutty, Johnson, “Characterisation of Thomas in the Fourth Gospel”, HTS Teological Studie, 76 (2020), 1.
https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v76i1.5632
Zaluchu, Sonny Eli, “Metode Penelitian di dalam Manuskrip Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan,” Jurnal Teologi Berita Hidup, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2021.
https://e-journal.sttberitahidup.ac.id/index.php/jbh/article/view/93/88
.png)
