PENGETAHUAN TANPA SUBYEK PENAHU: Kajian Kritis atas Epistemologi Popper
Keywords:
Pengetahuan, subyek, obyek, epistemologi, induksi, keyakinan umum, subyektif, obyektif, falsifikasi, koroborasi, otonom, tertemukan, bahasa, kausalis, explicans, explicandum, keterjalinan, dunia pertama, dunia kedua, dunia ketiga, tanggung jawab, personal, makna, fakta, kebenaran
Abstract
Subject and object relations is problematic. This problem is registered in the history of knowledge, especially in epistemology. The problem rises from the ontological status of subject and object. Man, as a subject, is homo rationale. Ratio means non-physic; meanwhile, object belongs to the universe of material being. If knowledge means an object’s mode of being in subject, the question is thus what kind of relation do subject and object have? What is the status of the object in this problematical relation? Karl Raimund Popper has elaborated this question, and this article wants to present this elaboration.
References
A. Sumber Utama:
Popper, Karl R. Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach. New York: Clarendon Press - Oxford University Press, 1979.
______. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. London & New York: Routledge Classics, 2002.
______. The Poverty of Historicism. London & New York: Routledge Classics, 2005.
______. The Open Society and Its Enemies. Vol. II (Hegel and Marx), Princeton–New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1971.
B. Sumber Sekunder
Hume, David. Treatise on Human Nature. Edited by D.F. Norton & M.J. Norton. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Maritain, Jacques. Elementi di Filosofia. Vol. II (Logica Minore). Milano: Massimo, 1990.
Habermas, Jürgen. Technik und Wissenschaft als Ideologie. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1968.
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Polanyi, Michael. Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1958.
Platone. Tutti gli Scritti. A cura di Giovanni Reale, Milano: Bompiani, 2001.
Paus Benedictus XVI, Ensiklik Spe Salvi, Città del Vaticano: Casa Editrice Vaticano, 2007.
Descartes, René. Méditations Métaphysiques. Paris: Gallimard, 2006
Popper, Karl R. Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach. New York: Clarendon Press - Oxford University Press, 1979.
______. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. London & New York: Routledge Classics, 2002.
______. The Poverty of Historicism. London & New York: Routledge Classics, 2005.
______. The Open Society and Its Enemies. Vol. II (Hegel and Marx), Princeton–New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1971.
B. Sumber Sekunder
Hume, David. Treatise on Human Nature. Edited by D.F. Norton & M.J. Norton. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Maritain, Jacques. Elementi di Filosofia. Vol. II (Logica Minore). Milano: Massimo, 1990.
Habermas, Jürgen. Technik und Wissenschaft als Ideologie. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1968.
Leibniz. Discours de Métaphysique suive de Monadologie. Paris: Gallimard, 1995.
Polanyi, Michael. Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1958.
Platone. Tutti gli Scritti. A cura di Giovanni Reale, Milano: Bompiani, 2001.
Paus Benedictus XVI, Ensiklik Spe Salvi, Città del Vaticano: Casa Editrice Vaticano, 2007.
Descartes, René. Méditations Métaphysiques. Paris: Gallimard, 2006
