BASICS OF BIOETHICS EDUCATION
Keywords:
Bioetika, hak asasi manusia, harkat dan martabat manusia, hak hidup, pendidikan
Abstract
Perkembangan teknologi yang cepat dewasa ini sering membuat bingung mengenai penilaian moral, terutama teknologi yang langsung berhubungan dengan hidup manusia. Pendidikan bioetika merupakan langkah besar untuk merefleksikan masalah-masalah etis itu yang sayangnya di Indonesia belum banyak berkembang padahal di dunia barat bioetika ini sudah sangat maju dan menjadi referensi dalam pengambilan keputusan strategis. Pendidikan bioetika yang merupakan studi interdisipliner ini perlu digalakkan dengan berpatokan pada penghormatan terhadap hidup dan martabat manusia serta hak asasi manusia agar terbentuklah manusia-manusia yang berbudi luhur yang hidup berdasarkan keutamaan-keutamaan kemanusiaan.
References
Bayertz, Kurt (ed.), Sanctity of Life and Human Dignity, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, 1996
Beauchap, Tom L. and James F. Childress, Principles of Biomedical Ethics, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1979
Bellino, Francesco, La Storia della Bioetica e la Svolta Biopedagocia, Cacucci Editori, Bari, 2001
Brody, Eugene B., Biomedical Technology and Human Right, Unesco Publishing, Paris, 1993
Clouser, K. Danner and Bernard Gert, “A Critique of Principlism”, in Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 15 (1990) 219-236
de Paolis, Velasio, “La Protezione Penale del Diritto alla Vita”, in Pontificio Academia per la Vita, Commento interdiciplinare alla Evangelium Vitae, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Vatican, 1997
Durand, Guy, Introduction Générale à la Bioéthique: Histoire, Concepts et Outils, Fides - Cerf, Montréal, 1999
Engelhardt, H. Tristram, “Viability and the Use of the Fetus” in William B. Bondeson, H. Tristram Engelhardt, Abortion and the Status of the Fetus, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, 1983
Fletcher, Joseph, “Indicators of Humanhood: A tentative Profile of Man”, in The Hasting Center Report 2 (1972) 1–4
Gervasio, Giuseppe, “La Cultura dei Diritti Umani e il Cammino per il Loro Progressivo Sviluppo”, in Santi Corsi (ed.), Individui Senza Volto: Diritti Universali e Ricerca dell’Identità in una Società Multiculturale, Canta Galli, Siena, 2003
Green, Ronald M., “Method in Bioethics: A Troubled Assessment”, in Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 15 (1990) 179–197
Grobstein, Clifford, Science and the unborn, Basic Book, New York, 1988
Jonsen, Albert R. and Stephen E. Toulmin, The Abuse of Casuistry: A History of Moral Reasoning, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1988
Kant, Immanuel, Fondazione della Metafisica dei Costumi, Edizione Bompiani, Milano, 2003
_______, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, Yale University Press, New Haven, 2002
_______, The Metaphysics of Morals, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003
Kass, Leon R. (Chairman), Human cloning and human dignity: The Report of the President’s council on Bioethics, Public Affairs, New York, 2002
_______, “Death with Dignity and the Sanctity of Life”, in Michael M. (ed.) Uhlmann, Last Rights?: Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, 1998
_______, Life, Liberty and the Defense of Dignity: The Challenge for Bioethics, Encounter Book, San Francisco, 2002
Keown, John, Euthanasia, Ethics and Public Policy: An Argument Against Legalisation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002
Kraynak, Robert P. and Glenn Tinder (eds.), In Defense of Human Dignity: Essays for Our Times, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, 2003
MacIntyre, Alasdair, After Virtue, Gerald Duckworth, London, 1999
Malby, Steven, “Human Dignity and Human Reproductive Cloning”, in Health and Human Rights, 6 (2002) 103
McCormick, Richard A., How Brave A New World: Dilemas in Bioethics, Georgetown University Press, Washington D.C, 1981
Meilaender, Gilbert C., Body, Soul, and Bioethics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 1995
Mieth, Dietmar, La Dittatura dei Geni: La Biotecnica tra Fattibilità e Dignità umana, Queriniana, Brescia, 2003
Milano, Andrea, Persona in Teologia: Alle origini del Significativo di Persona nel Cristianesimo Antico, Edizioni Dehoniane Roma, Roma, 1996
Noble, Denis, Jean-Didier Vincent, The Ethics of Life, Unesco Publishing, Paris, 1997
Noonan, John T., The Morality of Abortion: Legal and historical Perspectives, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1970
_______, Il Concetto di Persona tra Bioetica e Diritto, G. Giappichelle Editore, Torino, 1996
Pellegrino, Edmund D. and David C. Thomasma, The Virtues in Medical Practice, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1993
Pence, Gregory E., Who’s Affraid of Human Cloning?, Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, 1998
Pontificia Academia Pro Vità, Identità e Statuto dell’Embrione Umano, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Vatican, 1998
_______, The Nature and Dignity of the Human Person as the Foundation of the Right to Life: The Challenges of the Contemporary Cultural Context, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano, 2003
Potter, Van Rensselaer, Bioethics: Bridge to the Future, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1971
Ramsey, Paul, “The Morality of Abortion” in D. H. Labby (ed.), Life or Death: Ethics and Options, University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1969
_______, The Patient as Person, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1970
Schwarz, Stephen D., The Moral Question of Abortion, Loyola University Press, Chicago, 1990
Sgreccia, Elio, Antonio G. Spagnolo and Maria Luisa Di Pietro, Bioetica: Manuale per i Diplomi Universitari della Sanità, Vita e Pensiero, Milano, 2002
Singer, Peter, Liberazione Animali: Il Manifesto di uni Movimento Diffuso in Tutto il Mondo, Il Saggiatore, Milano, 2003
_______, The Expanding circle: Ethics and Sociobiology, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1981
Spagnolo, Antonio G., Bioetica nella Ricerca e nella Prassi Medica, Torino, Edizione Camilliane, 1997
Thomasma, David C., “Beyond Autonomy to the Person Coping with Illness”, in Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 4 (1995): 12
_______, “Virtue Theory, Social Practice, and Professional Responsibility in Medicine”, in R. B. Edwards and E. E. Bittar (eds.), Advances in Bioethics: Critical Reflection on Medical Ethics, vol. IV, London, JAI Press, 1998
Thomasma, David C., David N. Weisstub and Christian Hervé (eds.), Personhood and Health Care, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2001
Tooley, Michael, “Abortion and Infanticide” in Philosophy and Public Affairs 2 (1971) 37–65
Toulmin, Stephen, “The Tyranny of Principles” in The Hastings Center Report 12 (1981) 31–39
Veatch, Robert M., The Basics of Bioethics, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 2003
Verspieren, Patrick, “La Dignità nei Dibattiti Politici e Bioetica” in Concilium Rivista Internazionale di Teologia, 2 (2003) 217–220
*) Artikel ini adalah paper yang dipresentasikan dalam “International Worshop on Bioethical Education”, yang diselenggarakan oleh UNESCO, WHO/SEARO dan Mentri Riset dan Teknologi yang diselenggarakan di Center for Bioethics and Medical Humanities, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 4 – 5 April 2007
Beauchap, Tom L. and James F. Childress, Principles of Biomedical Ethics, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1979
Bellino, Francesco, La Storia della Bioetica e la Svolta Biopedagocia, Cacucci Editori, Bari, 2001
Brody, Eugene B., Biomedical Technology and Human Right, Unesco Publishing, Paris, 1993
Clouser, K. Danner and Bernard Gert, “A Critique of Principlism”, in Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 15 (1990) 219-236
de Paolis, Velasio, “La Protezione Penale del Diritto alla Vita”, in Pontificio Academia per la Vita, Commento interdiciplinare alla Evangelium Vitae, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Vatican, 1997
Durand, Guy, Introduction Générale à la Bioéthique: Histoire, Concepts et Outils, Fides - Cerf, Montréal, 1999
Engelhardt, H. Tristram, “Viability and the Use of the Fetus” in William B. Bondeson, H. Tristram Engelhardt, Abortion and the Status of the Fetus, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, 1983
Fletcher, Joseph, “Indicators of Humanhood: A tentative Profile of Man”, in The Hasting Center Report 2 (1972) 1–4
Gervasio, Giuseppe, “La Cultura dei Diritti Umani e il Cammino per il Loro Progressivo Sviluppo”, in Santi Corsi (ed.), Individui Senza Volto: Diritti Universali e Ricerca dell’Identità in una Società Multiculturale, Canta Galli, Siena, 2003
Green, Ronald M., “Method in Bioethics: A Troubled Assessment”, in Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 15 (1990) 179–197
Grobstein, Clifford, Science and the unborn, Basic Book, New York, 1988
Jonsen, Albert R. and Stephen E. Toulmin, The Abuse of Casuistry: A History of Moral Reasoning, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1988
Kant, Immanuel, Fondazione della Metafisica dei Costumi, Edizione Bompiani, Milano, 2003
_______, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, Yale University Press, New Haven, 2002
_______, The Metaphysics of Morals, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003
Kass, Leon R. (Chairman), Human cloning and human dignity: The Report of the President’s council on Bioethics, Public Affairs, New York, 2002
_______, “Death with Dignity and the Sanctity of Life”, in Michael M. (ed.) Uhlmann, Last Rights?: Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, 1998
_______, Life, Liberty and the Defense of Dignity: The Challenge for Bioethics, Encounter Book, San Francisco, 2002
Keown, John, Euthanasia, Ethics and Public Policy: An Argument Against Legalisation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002
Kraynak, Robert P. and Glenn Tinder (eds.), In Defense of Human Dignity: Essays for Our Times, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, 2003
MacIntyre, Alasdair, After Virtue, Gerald Duckworth, London, 1999
Malby, Steven, “Human Dignity and Human Reproductive Cloning”, in Health and Human Rights, 6 (2002) 103
McCormick, Richard A., How Brave A New World: Dilemas in Bioethics, Georgetown University Press, Washington D.C, 1981
Meilaender, Gilbert C., Body, Soul, and Bioethics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 1995
Mieth, Dietmar, La Dittatura dei Geni: La Biotecnica tra Fattibilità e Dignità umana, Queriniana, Brescia, 2003
Milano, Andrea, Persona in Teologia: Alle origini del Significativo di Persona nel Cristianesimo Antico, Edizioni Dehoniane Roma, Roma, 1996
Noble, Denis, Jean-Didier Vincent, The Ethics of Life, Unesco Publishing, Paris, 1997
Noonan, John T., The Morality of Abortion: Legal and historical Perspectives, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1970
_______, Il Concetto di Persona tra Bioetica e Diritto, G. Giappichelle Editore, Torino, 1996
Pellegrino, Edmund D. and David C. Thomasma, The Virtues in Medical Practice, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1993
Pence, Gregory E., Who’s Affraid of Human Cloning?, Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, 1998
Pontificia Academia Pro Vità, Identità e Statuto dell’Embrione Umano, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Vatican, 1998
_______, The Nature and Dignity of the Human Person as the Foundation of the Right to Life: The Challenges of the Contemporary Cultural Context, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano, 2003
Potter, Van Rensselaer, Bioethics: Bridge to the Future, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1971
Ramsey, Paul, “The Morality of Abortion” in D. H. Labby (ed.), Life or Death: Ethics and Options, University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1969
_______, The Patient as Person, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1970
Schwarz, Stephen D., The Moral Question of Abortion, Loyola University Press, Chicago, 1990
Sgreccia, Elio, Antonio G. Spagnolo and Maria Luisa Di Pietro, Bioetica: Manuale per i Diplomi Universitari della Sanità, Vita e Pensiero, Milano, 2002
Singer, Peter, Liberazione Animali: Il Manifesto di uni Movimento Diffuso in Tutto il Mondo, Il Saggiatore, Milano, 2003
_______, The Expanding circle: Ethics and Sociobiology, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1981
Spagnolo, Antonio G., Bioetica nella Ricerca e nella Prassi Medica, Torino, Edizione Camilliane, 1997
Thomasma, David C., “Beyond Autonomy to the Person Coping with Illness”, in Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 4 (1995): 12
_______, “Virtue Theory, Social Practice, and Professional Responsibility in Medicine”, in R. B. Edwards and E. E. Bittar (eds.), Advances in Bioethics: Critical Reflection on Medical Ethics, vol. IV, London, JAI Press, 1998
Thomasma, David C., David N. Weisstub and Christian Hervé (eds.), Personhood and Health Care, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2001
Tooley, Michael, “Abortion and Infanticide” in Philosophy and Public Affairs 2 (1971) 37–65
Toulmin, Stephen, “The Tyranny of Principles” in The Hastings Center Report 12 (1981) 31–39
Veatch, Robert M., The Basics of Bioethics, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 2003
Verspieren, Patrick, “La Dignità nei Dibattiti Politici e Bioetica” in Concilium Rivista Internazionale di Teologia, 2 (2003) 217–220
*) Artikel ini adalah paper yang dipresentasikan dalam “International Worshop on Bioethical Education”, yang diselenggarakan oleh UNESCO, WHO/SEARO dan Mentri Riset dan Teknologi yang diselenggarakan di Center for Bioethics and Medical Humanities, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 4 – 5 April 2007
